Judah Loew ben Bezalel
A great wizard-rabbi and notable Talmudic scholar and mystic of the 1500's, normally known as "The Rabbi of Prague" even though he was born in Poznan, Poland, and served as Chief Rabbi of Moravia (1553-1573) for significantly longer than he worked in Prague. (See his entry at Wikipedia for more details about the public and religious aspects of his life.) Also known as the Maharal: the word is a Hebrew-language acronym (MaHaRaL) for "Our teacher, Rabbi Loew."
Judah Loew had a tremendous reputation as a teacher and thinker among nonwizardly people in Czechoslovakia and far beyond. But in wizardly circles he was probably best known for the creation of the Great Golem of Prague, a construct which he built to protect the Jews of Prague's Ghetto from persecution by ignorant people of the city.
Numerous other stories about Rabbi Judah's magical doings in Prague and elsewhere were circulated even in the non-wizardly community. One describes how he discovered an evil sorcerer had worked a spell to cause local Jews to die of the plague: Rabbi Judah turned the sorcerer's spell back on him, and the sorcerer burst into flame and died as a result. Another story tells how the Rabbi built a magical palace to which he could invite a local king to dinner. A third tells of how Loew summoned the great Patriarchs for the edification of Emperor Rudolf II, who desired to be taught about the Kabbalah. (This event is supposed to have happened in February 1592.) In 1594 he met the Emperor again by arrangement of his colleague the Danish royal astronomer Tycho Brahe (whose patron the Emperor was), the meeting traditionally assumed to have had something to do with alchemy. (However, the eminent Prague-based Jewish scholar and astronomer David Gans, another associate of the Emperor, reports only that "secret, sealed, hidden things" were discussed.) Shortly after this meeting Loew was appointed Chief Rabbi of Poznan.
Judah Loew is probably unique among rabbis (and possibly among wizards) as being considered a national hero by the people of the country where he is most famous for having worked. A statue was erected in his honor in Prague, and can still be seen in front of the City Hall.
(See also: Inhabition, Inanimate object, Lifewords, Famous Wizards, Sol III / Earth)